Umsunguli wakwamanye amazwe wake wasitshela ukuthi ukukhetha isakhiwo saseShayina kwakufana nokukhetha umngane womshado: kulula ukungena, kuyabiza ukushiya, futhi imiphumela ibonakala ngemva kweminyaka eminingi. Lokho kulungile. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise, olunye uhlobo lwebhizinisi elitshalwe kwamanye amazwe, noma inkampani ephethe i-Hong Kong akuwona umbuzo wamaphepha - kulungisa indlela inzuzo ehamba ngayo, ukuthi izingxabano zixazululwa kanjani, nokuthi ibhizinisi libukeka kanjani kumtholi noma kumtshali wesikhathi esizayo.
Lokhu ukubheka okuzolile kwamaphethini amathathu ajwayelekile okungena ezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezisungula ukuba khona ezweni lase-China namuhla, kanye nokuhwebelana okuvamise ukubaluleke kakhulu.
Izakhiwo ezintathu, kafushane
Kusukela kwaqala ukusebenza uMthetho Wokutshalwa Kwezimali Zangaphandle ngo-2020, izwe lase-China liye lahlanganisa izigaba ezindala (EJV, CJV, WFOE) ngaphansi kwe-ibhizinisi elitshalwe kwamanye amazwe (FIE)** elilodwa elibuswa uMthetho Wenkampani. Empeleni, iningi labangenayo namuhla likhetha phakathi:
- WFOE — inkampani yesikweletu esilinganiselwe ezweni lase-China ephethwe ngabangaphandle okungu-100%. Imoto ezenzakalelayo yezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezifuna ukulawula ukusebenza ngaphandle kozakwethu waseShayina.
- I-Joint venture FIE — inkampani yomthetho waseShayina enabanikazi bamasheya bangaphandle nabasekhaya. Kusadingeka noma kuthandwa kakhulu emikhakheni ekhawulelwe ohlwini olubi (ngokwesibonelo imidiya ethile, izinsiza ze-telecom-value-added, nezinye izingxenye zemfundo).
- Inkampani ephethe i-Hong Kong phezu kwe-WFOE yezwekazi — isakhiwo esinezigaba ezimbili lapho inkampani ekhawulelwe yase-Hong Kong ingumnikazi webhizinisi elisebenza ezweni lonke. Inkampani yaseHong Kong iyisendlalelo senkontileka kanye ne-IP-holding; i-WFOE iqhuba ibhizinisi laseChina.
Iphethini yesine - ihhovisi elimele abanye - lisekhona kodwa alikwazi ukwenza ama-invoyisi, alikwazi ukusayina izinkontileka zezentengiselwano egameni lalo, futhi likhokhiswa intela ngesisekelo esithathwa njengezindleko. Akuvamile ukuba kube yimpendulo efanele ngale kwesigaba esifushane socwaningo lwemakethe.
Kungani i-hold layer ibaluleke ngaphezu kwalokho abasunguli abakulindele
Ukuzisola okukodwa okuvame kakhulu esikubonayo akukona ukukhetha kwe-WFOE ngokwayo, kodwa ukungabi khona kwesendlalelo sokubamba ngaphezu kwayo. Umzali wangaphandle oqondile → uhlaka lwe-WFOE yezwekazini luyasebenza, kodwa lwenza izinto ezintathu zibe nzima kamuva:
- Ukubuyiselwa kwesabelomali. Izabelo ezikhokhelwa i-WFOE yezwekazini kumzali wangaphandle zingaphansi kokubanjwa kwentela ye-PRC ngenani elijwayelekile, elincishiswe ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zentela ezifanele. Uhlelo lwe-mainland–Hong Kong lunikeza isilinganiso esincishisiwe sokubamba kumadividendi lapho umnikazi wase-Hong Kong ehlangabezana nemibandela yomnikazi onenzuzo ebekwe Ukuphathwa Kwentela Yezwe. I-Hong Kong holdco okuyibhizinisi langempela - elinezinto, izinqumo ezithathwe endaweni, nama-akhawunti afanele - lingehlisa ngokubonakalayo ukuvuza kwentela ewela umngcele.
- Ukuthengisa ibhizinisi. Umthengi othola amasheya enkampanini yase-Hong Kong ubhekene nenqubo yezomthetho elula kakhulu kunokuthola ukulingana ngokuqondile ku-FIE yezwe elikhulu, okubangela ukufakwa kwefayela ohlangothini lwe-MOFCOM, imvume yentela kanye nezinyathelo ezi-SAFE zokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Abasunguli abeqa i-holdco bavame ukuyikhokhela ekuphumeni.
- I-IP kanye nenkontileka. Ukubamba izimpawu zokuthengisa, isofthiwe nezivumelwano zesevisi eziyinhloko kusendlalelo sase-Hong Kong - nokunikezwa kwelayisense ku-WFOE yezwe elikhulu - kukunikeza indaba ehlanzekile kumakhasimende angaphandle kanye nendlela elula yokuhlela kabusha uma isu lakho lase-China lishintsha.
Ukuhwebelana kuyiqiniso: inkampani yase-Hong Kong enye isethi yama-akhawunti, okunye ukucwaninga, obunye ubudlelwano basebhange, kanye nezidingo ezengeziwe zempahla uma ufuna izinzuzo zesivumelwano ziqhubeke zicutshungulwa. Ebhizinisini eliyoke lithengiselwe eShayina ngezinga eliphansi, i-WFOE elula yongqimba olulodwa ingase yanele.
Imali, isikhathi kanye nemishini esebenzayo
I-Mainland China yaqeda ubuncane bemali obubhalisiwe obusemthethweni emikhakheni eminingi edlule, kodwa uMthetho Wenkampani ka-2024 waqinisa imithetho mayelana nokuthi imali ekhishelwayo kufanele ikhokhwe kanjani futhi nini.- Imali esetshenziswayo ebhalisiwe iyisibopho, hhayi okomthetho. Ngaphansi koMthetho Wenkampani wamanje, abanikazi bamasheya benkampani enesibopho esilinganiselwe kufanele bakhokhe imali eyinhloko ebhalisiwe phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokwenziwa kwamabhizinisi. Setha inombolo kulokho ibhizinisi elikudingayo ngempela emjikelezweni walo wokuqala wokusebenza, hhayi isibalo esifisayo.
- I-Capital ibeka isisekelo sezikweletu zakho. Ikhono le-WFOE lokuthatha imali ebolekiwe yabanikazi bamasheya bemali yangaphandle libalwa ngokubhekisela emalini yayo ebhalisiwe ngaphansi kohlaka lwezezimali oluwela imingcele. Ukwenza kancane kancane manje kuvimbezela uxhaso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Izimvume zomkhakha ziza ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, hhayi ngemva kwalokho. Hlola Uhlu lwakamuva Olubi Lokutshalwa Kwezimali Kwangaphandle ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele esakhiweni. Uma ibhizinisi lakho lithinta izingcingo ze-value-added, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo noma imidiya, umbuzo wesakhiwo ungase unqumelwe wena.
- Ukuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange kuwumthwalo wangempela. Ilayisensi yebhizinisi esandleni ayisho ukuthi uyasebenza. Hlela amasonto ambalwa e-KYC yasebhange, ikakhulukazi ama-akhawunti ase-Hong Kong lapho amabhange manje esesebenzisa amasheke ezinto eziqinile kanye nomthombo wezimali.
- Ukubhaliswa kwentela kungena kuyo yonke into. Isimo sakho somkhokhi we-VAT jikelele, isabelo se-fapiao kanye nekhono lokufaka ama-invoyisi amaklayenti konke kuvela ekubhaliseni intela. Akukho okuzenzakalelayo.
Uma isakhiwo ngasinye siyimpendulo efanele ngempela
I-WFOE eqondile inengqondo lapho abasunguli bengenawo umkhathi wokuphuma ongokoqobo ohlanganisa ukuthengiswa kwezabelo, ibhizinisi lisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-China, futhi umzali usendaweni enesivumelwano esisebenzayo sentela ekabili ne-PRC. Inkampani engaphansi yokuhweba yaseYurophu, isibonelo, ingase ingadingi isendlalelo sase-Hong Kong.
I-Hong Kong holdco phezu kwe-WFOE yenza umqondo uma kukhona ithemba lokutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle, ukuthengiswa kokuhweba ekugcineni, noma ukulayisensa kwe-IP yamazwe ngamazwe. Futhi kuwukuzenzakalela kwamaqembu afuna indawo eyodwa yokuhlanganiswa kwezinkampani eziningi ezisebenzayo zase-Asia, kanye nabasunguli abazisa indawo yenkontileka yomthetho ovamile wase-Hong Kong yolimi lwesiNgisi yezivumelwano ezikhuphukayo.
I-FIE yebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe inengqondo lapho Uhlu Olubi luyidinga, lapho uzakwethu wasekhaya eletha ilayisense, inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa noma ubudlelwano bukahulumeni obungenakuphindwa ngempela, noma lapho imodeli yebhizinisi incike kudatha, okuqukethwe noma iziteshi inhlangano yangaphandle ngokuphelele engakwazi ukuyiphatha ngokusemthethweni. Izinhlaka ze-JV zidinga uhlaka olucijile kakhulu mayelana ne-deadlock, izindaba ezigodliwe kanye nobunikazi be-IP kunalokho abasunguli abavame ukukulindela.
Inothi elifushane mayelana nengqikithi
Izinzuzo zesivumelwano, izilinganiso zokubamba ezikhethwayo kanye namabhange ahlanzekile konke kuya ngokuya kuvula izinto. Inkampani yase-Hong Kong engenabasebenzi, engenahhovisi, engenabaqondisi bendawo futhi engenazo izinqumo ezithathwe e-Hong Kong izothwala kanzima ukuze ifune isikhundla somnikazi onenzuzo ngenxa yokubanjwa kwenzuzo encishisiwe, futhi izobhekana nemibuzo enzima evela emabhange unyaka ngamunye. Uma wakha isendlalelo sokubamba, yakha esangempela - ngisho nesizotha - noma ungasakhi nhlobo.
Ukwakhiwa kwenkampani yaseChina kuyisinqumo esisodwa esinomsila omude. Chitha isikhathi ekuqaleni: yenza isibonelo sokugeleza kwentela ewela umngcele, hlola ingcindezi-hlola indlela yokuphuma, bese uklama isitaki semali yebhizinisi olindele ukuba nalo eminyakeni emithathu, hhayi le onayo ngosuku lokuqala.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Singakwazi yini ukuqala nge-WFOE futhi sengeze i-Hong Kong holdco ngaphezulu kwayo kamuva? IMPENDULO: Yebo, kodwa kubiza kakhulu futhi kuhamba kancane kunokuthola isakhiwo lapho sihlanganiswa. Ukufaka i-holdco ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubangela ukudluliswa kwezabelo ku-WFOE yezwe elikhulu, ngokugcwaliswa kwe-MOFCOM, imvume yentela kanye nokubhaliswa kwe-SAFE - kanye nokuchayeka kwezinzuzo ezinkulu ekudlulisweni kwezimali.
Umbuzo: Ingabe i-holdco yase-Hong Kong isanikeza izinzuzo zentela ezinengqondo uma kubhekwa izinguquko zakamuva zentela yomhlaba wonke? IMP: Emaqenjini amaningi anosayizi omaphakathi, yebo - ukubanjwa kwesabelo esincishisiwe ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-mainland–Hong Kong kuhlala kubalulekile inqobo nje uma inkampani yase-Hong Kong ihlangabezana nezivivinyo zomnikazi onenzuzo. Insika Imithetho yentela ephansi yesibili neyembulunga yonke ithinta ikakhulukazi amaqembu angaphezu komkhawulo wemali engenayo yamazwe ngamazwe.
Umbuzo: Sikumkhakha Wohlu Olubi. Ingabe isakhiwo se-VIE sisasebenza? IMP: Imodeli yebhizinisi eliguquguqukayo iyaqhubeka kweminye imikhakha kodwa ihlala endaweni yokulawula engaqinisekile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwemithetho yakamuva yokufakwa kuhlu yaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nemithetho yokubuyekezwa kokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Kuphathe njengendlela yochwepheshe edinga iseluleko samanje someluleki we-PRC — hhayi inketho ezenzakalelayo.Uma usebenza nganoma yikuphi kwalokhu, izinsiza zikaSerene Jade ze-Enterprise Landing kanye nezinsizakalo zoMmeli waseShayina zimboza ukusethwa kwenkampani yase-UK ↔ yase-China, izinhlaka zokubamba, ukubhanga kanye nokuhambisana okuqhubekayo kuyaphela.