Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, umbuzo wokungenela wacishe wanqunywa ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale umhlangano: sungula Ibhizinisi Eliphethwe Ngamazwe Ngamazwe Ephelele e-Shanghai noma e-Shenzhen, ulisebenzise ngokukhululekile, futhi uqhubeke nalo. Leyo reflex isiphelelwe yisikhathi. Umthetho Wokutshalwa Kwezimali Wangaphandle uhlele kabusha ukuthi imali yakwamanye amazwe ihlala kanjani ngaphakathi komthetho webhizinisi waseShayina, indima ye-Hong Kong njengomgudu wesivumelwano usuqinisiwe, futhi izindleko zokusebenza zebhizinisi lezwekazini - ukugcinwa kwamabhuku, ukufakwa kwentela, umshwalense womphakathi, ukuphathwa kwe-FX - azikakawa. Isakhiwo esifanele namuhla sincike kancane ekuhlonipheni futhi ngaphezulu kulokho ibhizinisi elihlose ukukwenza ezinyangeni zokuqala ezingamashumi amathathu nesithupha.
Lesi siqeshana sihamba phakathi kwezinketho ezintathu zabasunguli bangaphandle kanye namaqembu okuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani ahlala ezungeza: i-WFOE eqondile, ibhizinisi elitshalwe ngaphandle elibanzi (FIE) njengebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe, kanye nenkampani ephethe i-Hong Kong ehlezi ngenhla noma. Ayikho kuzo elungile emhlabeni wonke.
Okushiwo amalebula empeleni
I-"FIE" - ibhizinisi elitshalwe kwamanye amazwe - isambulela. Kusukela kwaqala ukusebenza uMthetho Wokutshalwa Kwezimali Kwamazwe Angaphandle, ama-FIE ahlelwa ngaphansi koMthetho Wenkampani ofanayo nezinkampani zasekhaya zaseShayina, ngokuvamile njengenkampani yezikweletu ezinomkhawulo. I-WFOE imane nje iyi-FIE okungeyangaphandle okungu-100%. I-joint venture yeSino-foreign yi-FIE enomnikazi wamasheya okungenani oyedwa waseShayina. Ubambiswano olutshalwe kwamanye amazwe lukhona kodwa aluvamile ukuba yimoto efanele yebhizinisi elisebenzayo.
Inkampani ephethe i-Hong Kong akuyona imoto yokungena yase-China ngokwayo. Isendlalelo sokubamba, esifakwe ngaphansi komthetho wase-Hong Kong, esiphethe i-FIE yezwekazi. Ishintsha indlela ama-dividends, i-capital gains nokugeleza kwe-IP okukhokhiswa ngayo intela futhi kulawulwa ngayo - kodwa inkampani esebenza phansi kuseyi-WFOE noma i-JV.
Ngakho ukukhetha okusebenzayo kunezinhlangothi ezimbili ngempela:
- Imoto yaphansi: WFOE vs JV (vs, emikhakheni emincane, isakhiwo esinelayisense)
- Isendlalelo sobunikazi ngenhla kwaso: ngqo kusuka kumzali, noma kufakwe phakathi kwe-Hong Kong (noma ngezikhathi ezithile eSingapore)
Uma i-WFOE iseyimpendulo efanele
I-WFOE ihlala iyimpendulo ehlanzekile uma ibhizinisi lihlela ukwenza lokhu:
- Thengisa eyakho imikhiqizo noma amasevisi e-China ngaphansi komkhiqizo wayo
- Qasha abasebenzi ngokuqondile futhi ukhiphe ama-invoyisi endawo (fapiao)
- Gcina ukulawula okugcwele phezu kwe-IP, amanani nesu lesiteshi
- Buyisela ekhaya inzuzo njengezabelo ku-cadence ebikezelwayo
Ukuhwebelana kuyiqiniso. Nakuba imali encane esemthethweni iye yaqedwa emikhakheni eminingi, ikhephithali ebhalisiwe isiwukuzibophezela okunzima ngaphansi koMthetho Wenkampani obuyekeziwe - abanikazi bamasheya kufanele bayikhokhe phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuhlanganiswa. Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile i-WFOE "ukuze ibonakale ithembekile" akuseyona ingozi; kuyisikweletu senkontileka enkampanini. Setha inani ukuze lifane nomzila wezindiza ongokoqobo weminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu, hhayi inombolo eyize.
Intela yemali engenayo yebhizinisi ye-WFOE evamile ingu-25%, enebhendi yesilinganiso esebenzayo encishisiwe ngo-20% kumabhizinisi amancane nanenzuzo ephansi afanelekayo kanye no-15% Wamabhizinisi Aphakeme Namasha Amabhizinisi aphumelela ukuhlolwa. I-VAT isebenza ngokuhlukene. Izabelo ezivela e-China kumzali ongenaso isivumelwano ziheha intela yokubamba engu-10%.
Uma ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe noma elinye ifomu le-FIE linengqondo
I-JV ayiseyona into ezenzakalelayo eyake yaba yiyo, kodwa iseyimoto efanele uma:
- Umkhakha uhlezi ku-Uhlu Olubi futhi ubunikazi bangaphandle bulinganiselwe (izingxenye zezokuxhumana, izinsizakalo ezithile zezezimali, amanye amabhizinisi amasiko nezemfundo)
- Uzakwethu waseShayina uletha ilayisensi, inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa, noma ubudlelwano bukahulumeni obungenakuphindwa
- Ibhizinisi laseShayina liwukuthuthuka ngokubambisana, hhayi ukuthengisa
Iphrofayili yobungozi ukubusa, hhayi intela. I-Modern Company Law inikeza abanikazi bamasheya be-JV ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kokuklama ibhodi, ukuvota kanye nezinhlelo zezindaba ezigodliwe kunalokho okwenziwa umbuso omdala we-EJV - kodwa lokhu kusho ukuthi isivumelwano sabanikazi bamasheya senza umsebenzi omningi, futhi labo ababhalwe kabi manje bayehluleka ngezindlela abangazange bazenze ngaphambili. Sebenzisa isivumelwano, hhayi ekuhlanganiseni.
Lokho okuthengwa yinkampani ephethe i-Hong Kong empeleni
Isendlalelo saseHong Kong sivame ukuthengiswa njengesakhiwo sentela. Inembe kakhulu i-isakhiwo esivumelana nezimo. Izinto ezintathu ekunika zona:1. Ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni. Ngaphansi kohlelo lwentela yezwekazi ne-Hong Kong, ukubanjwa kwedividendi enzuzweni ekhokhwa kusukela ku-FIE yezwekazi kuze kufike kumzali wayo wase-Hong Kong kungehla ukusuka ku-10% ukuya ku-5%, inqobo nje uma inkampani yase-Hong Kong kungu umnikazi ozuzisayo - ukuhlolwa okusebenza ngokuqinile Ukuphathwa Kwentela Yezwe. Igobolondo elingenalutho liyohluleka. 2. Ukuphuma nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezimo. Ukuthengisa inkampani yase-Hong Kong ngokuvamile kuhlanzekile kunokuthengisa i-FIE yezwekazi ngokuqondile, kodwa ukudluliswa okungaqondile kwezimpahla zase-China kuyabikwa futhi kungabhalwa kabusha futhi kukhokhiswe intela e-China ngaphansi kwemithetho yesikhathi eside emelene nokugwema. Isakhiwo siyasiza; ayikhululi. 3. I-capital ne-FX choreography. I-Hong Kong ihlezi ngaphandle kwezilawuli ze-FX zezwe, okuyenza ibe indawo engokwemvelo yokubamba i-IP, iqhube uxhaso lwezimali phakathi kweqembu, futhi ihlanganise imali engenayo yesifunda ngaphambi kokusabalalisa kuqhubeke.
Izindleko ziyizinto zangempela. Ukuze kuvikelwe izinzuzo zesivumelwano nokwanelisa amabhange ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zamanje ze-KYC, inkampani yase-Hong Kong idinga abaqondisi empeleni abaqondisayo, amaminithi ebhodi akhona ngempela, izakhiwo noma okungenani ikheli lesevisi elithembekile, nama-akhawunti acwaningiwe. Inkampani yase-Hong Kong ye-brass plate isiyisikweletu, hhayi impahla.
Uhlaka lwesinqumo olusebenzayo
Ezinkampanini eziningi zakwamanye amazwe ezingena ezweni laseChina namuhla, umbuzo wesakhiwo uwela ngokulandelana okufushane:
- Ingabe umkhakha ukhawulelwe? Uma uthi yebo, Uhlu Olubi luyinqumela imoto. Qala lapho.
- Ingabe uzobhukha imali engenayo nge-RMB futhi uqashe abasebenzi phesheya? Uma kunjalo, udinga i-FIE yezwekazi — cishe njalo i-WFOE.
- Ingabe ulindele ukubuyiswa kwenzuzo ebonakalayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwesifunda, noma ukuthengiswa kohwebo ekugcineni? Uma kunjalo, ungqimba olubambekayo lwase-Hong Kong (noma i-Singapore) luvamise ukuzikhokhela, inqobo nje uma uxhasa ngezimali izinto zangempela.
- Ingabe lokhu kuwuphawu lommeleli omncane — umuntu oyedwa noma ababili, abanawo ama-invoyisi asendaweni? Cabanga ukuthi uyayidinga yini ibhizinisi onyakeni wokuqala, noma ukuthi uhlelo loMqashi Wokurekhodisha likuthengela isikhathi sokuhlola imakethe.
Iphutha elibiza kakhulu ukungakhethi isakhiwo "esingalungile". Ikhetha isakhiwo esiklanyelwe inkampani othemba ukuba kuyo onyakeni wesihlanu, futhi ikhokhe izindleko zayo zokuthobela umthetho onyakeni wokuqala.
Uma ukala lezi zinketho zebhizinisi elithile, isevisi ye-Enterprise Landing ye-Serene Jade iphatha ukwakheka kwenkampani yase-UK–China, ukubhanga kanye nokuhambisana okuqhubekayo ekugcineni - okuhlanganisa ungqimba lwe-Hong Kong lapho izuza khona ukugcinwa kwayo.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa inkampani yami ekhona yase-UK noma yase-Hong Kong ukuze ngikhokhele amakhasimende aseShayina futhi ngeqe i-WFOE ngokuphelele? IMP: Ekuthengisweni okukodwa kwe-B2B emngceleni, kwesinye isikhathi - kodwa lapho unamakhasimende aphindayo, abasebenzi bendawo, noma udinga ukukhipha i-fapiao, ukungabikho kwebhizinisi lezwe elikhulu kudala i-VAT, ukusungulwa unomphela kanye nezinkinga ze-FX kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Iningi labathengi ligcina lidinga i-invoyisi yendawo.
Umbuzo: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusethwa kwe-WFOE kusukela ekuqaleni? IMP: Hlela cishe izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezine kusukela ekugunyazweni kwangaphambili kwegama kuya enkampanini esebenza ngokugcwele enama-akhawunti asebhange, ukubhaliswa kwentela namandla e-FX. Ukubhanga manje kuyisinyathelo esihamba kancane, hhayi ukubhaliswa kwenkampani uqobo.
Umbuzo: Uma sengivele nginenkampani yase-Hong Kong, ingabe kufanele ngihlele kabusha ukuze ngibeke ngaphezu kwe-WFOE ngaphambi kokufakwa? A: Cishe njalo yebo, uma ungqimba lokubamba luyingxenye yohlelo lwesikhathi eside. Ukufaka umzali wase-Hong Kong ngaphezu kwe-WFOE ekhona kamuva kuwukudluliselwa okungaqondile kokulingana kwamaShayina futhi kubangela ukubika, ukulinganisa kanye nentela okungenzeka ibe khona - kubuhlungu kakhulu kunokuthola i-oda ngosuku lokuqala.