Iningi lama-joint ventures ase-China awehluleki kakhulu. Bayakhukhuleka. Umqondo wezohwebo wasekuqaleni - uzakwethu wasendaweni ovule iminyango, uzakwethu wangaphandle olethe ubuchwepheshe noma imali - uyeka buthule ukufanisa ibhizinisi i-JV eseyiyilo. Imihlangano yebhodi iba mifishane. Izinzuzo ziba nzima ukuvumelana. Ngesinye isikhathi, othile ohlangothini lwangaphandle ubhala imemo ebuza ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokwakha kabusha.
Lesi siqeshana esalowo mzuzu: lapho i-JV ingaphukile ngempela, kodwa isakhiwo sesidlule inhloso yaso.
Izinketho ezintathu ezithembekile, kanye neyodwa engavamile ukuba ibe ngokoqobo
Lapho ozakwethu bakwamanye amazwe beqala ukucabanga ngokungathi sína mayelana nokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-China JV, ingxoxo ngokuvamile incipha ibe izindlela ezine. Zintathu kuphela zazo ngokuvamile eziyiqiniso.
- Thenga uzakwethu waseShayina. Uthola ukulingana kwabo futhi uguqule i-JV ibe ibhizinisi eliphethwe angaphandle ngokuphelele (ukuguqulwa kwe-WFOE kungqikithi, uma kungenjalo ngegama njalo).
- Dayisela uzakwethu waseShayina. Uthatha ukheshi noma umholo ohleliwe bese uhamba, ngezinye izikhathi ugcine ubudlelwano bokunikezwa, ukulayisensa noma ukusatshalaliswa.
- Qeda i-JV. Ukuqedwa ngokusemthethweni, okukhokhelwe abakweletwayo, intela isuliwe, futhi umuntu osemthethweni asuliwe.
- "Yakha kabusha futhi uqhubeke njengakuqala." Lena inketho ezwakala inengqondo ephaketheni lebhodi futhi cishe ayisoze yaxazulula inkinga ewumsuka. Uma ukubusa, ukulawulwa kwe-IP noma ukubuyiselwa kwemali kuwudaba lwangempela, isivumelwano sabaninimasheya abasha akuvamile ukuthi silungise lokho okudalwa yi-cap table.
Umbuzo wokuqala okufanele uphendulwe ngokwethembeka akukhona ukuthi iyiphi inketho, kodwa iyini isakhiwo esibiza kithi namuhla — ngesikhathi sokuphatha, ekuchayekeni kwe-IP, ekuvuzeni kwentela, ezinqumweni ezihamba kancane. Ngaphandle kwaleyo nombolo, yonke inketho ibonakala ibiza.
Uma ukuthenga kunengqondo
Ukuthengwa kwebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe kuvame ukuhamba ngendlela efanele lapho ibhizinisi laseShayina lisawumgogodla wesu, i-JV inamalayisense noma izinkontileka okungaba buhlungu ukuphinda kubhalwe kabusha, futhi uzakwethu waseShayina ungumdayisi ozimisele ngentengo evikelekayo.
Omakhenika babukeka behlanzekile kusilayidi futhi abavamile ukuhlanzeka ekusebenzeni. Lindela ukusebenza ngokusebenzisa:
- Ukulinganisa kanye ne-FX. Ukulinganisa okuzimele ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ekudlulisweni kwezabelomali okubandakanya umtshali-zimali wangaphandle, futhi intengo idinga ukuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa yiziphathimandla zentela kanye nebhange eliphethe inkokhelo ephumayo kumthengisi.
- Intela yenzuzo enkulu kumthengisi. Inzuzo kazakwethu wase-China ngokuvamile ikhokhiswa intela e-China. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenza iphutha, wabelana ngomthwalo wakho noma umane uvumele umthengisi akubambe kuyiphuzu lezohwebo okufanele lixazululwe ngaphambi kokusayina, hhayi ngemva kwalokho.
- Ukufakwa kwe-MOFCOM/SAMR. Izinguquko zezabelomali zingena ngokubhaliswa kwabalawuli bemakethe, futhi kuye ngomkhakha, ukubika okuhlukene kolwazi lokutshalwa kwezimali lwangaphandle. Imikhakha ebucayi ohlwini olubi idinga ukubuyekezwa okuseduze.
- Amalayisense neziqu. Izimvume eziqondene nemboni (ICP, inkokhelo, imfundo, izinsiza zezokwelapha, ukudla, izinto) azihlali zisinda lapho kushintshwa ukulawulwa noma ukuguqulwa kwefomu lebhizinisi. Hlola ngayinye ngayinye kunokuthatha ukuphatheka.
- Abasebenzi, abaqashiswayo, ababhanga. Iningi lalokhu liyaqhubeka uma umuntu osemthethweni eqhubeka, kodwa amaqembu aphikisayo ngokuvamile afuna izincwadi zokunethezeka noma abasayini abasha. Yakha umugqa wesikhathi eduze nenkampani ehamba kancane, hhayi eshesha kakhulu.
Ukuthenga okuguqula i-JV ibe i-WFOE entweni kuyindlela ehlanzekile uma ibhizinisi ngokwalo liphilile. Uma ibhizinisi liphethe ukuchayeka kwentela okungokomlando noma izinkinga ezihlobene nenhlangano ezingaxazululiwe, uyazithenga nawe.
Uma ukuguqulwa kwe-WFOE (umzila "webhizinisi elisha") uhlanzekile
Kwesinye isikhathi impendulo engcono akukona ukuthenga uzakwethu kumuntu osemthethweni okhona, kodwa ukwakha i-WFOE entsha eduze futhi uthuthele ibhizinisi kuyo. Ozakwethu bangaphandle bafinyelela lokhu lapho:
- I-JV inezintela, amasiko noma ukuchayeka kwabasebenzi inkuthalo engeke ikulinganise ngokugcwele.
- Amalayisense angukhiye asegameni lozakwethu wangaphandle noma angaphinde akhishwe ngaphandle kokubambezeleka okukhulu.
- Uzakwethu waseShayina ubambisene ngokuphothulwa phansi kodwa akazimisele - noma akakwazi - ukunikeza amawaranti umthengi angawadinga.
- Ubudlelwano bezohwebo bungaphinda bubhalwe kabusha njengokuhlinzekwa, ukusatshalaliswa noma ukulayisensa esikhundleni sokulingana.Ukuhwebelana kuyasebenza: usebenzisa amabhizinisi amabili ngokuhambisana isikhathi esithile, izinkontileka ezifudukayo, abasebenzi kanye ne-IP ngokucophelela, futhi ekugcineni ususa ukubhaliswa kwe-JV endala. Ukushwabana kwentela okufanele kubukwe intengo yokudluliselwa kwempahla phakathi kwe-JV ne-WFOE entsha — lolu uhlobo ncamashi lwenhlangano ehlobene edonsa amehlo, ngakho idinga imibhalo engasinda ekucwaningweni kwakamuva.
Emibhalweni yokuhlelwa kabusha kwenkampani ye-PRC, lena ngokuvamile indlela enobungozi obuncane lapho ukwethembana phakathi kozakwethu kucekeleke phansi kodwa ukumangalelana akukaqalisi.
Uma uvala impendulo yimpendulo yabantu abadala
Isu lokuphuma eShayina ngokuqedwa ngokusemthethweni alinabukhazikhazi futhi livamise ukuba ucingo olulungile. Kucabange uma:
- Ibhizinisi lase-China alisenalo isu futhi ukudayiswa kozakwethu noma inkampani yangaphandle akufezeki ngentengo ephusile.
- Izinkontileka ze-JV, i-IP kanye nabantu bangakhululwa ngokuhlanzekile ngaphandle kwebhizinisi elizongena esikhundleni.
- Izindleko zokuqhubeka - izimali zokucwaninga, ukuthobela imithetho, ukungqubuzana kwebhodi - kudlula noma yikuphi ukukhuphuka okungokoqobo.
Ukuqedwa e-China kunzima ngokwenqubo. Uzodinga ikomidi lokuqedwa kwezimali, izaziso zomphakathi, imvume yentela (okuvame ukuba yisinyathelo esisodwa esinensa kakhulu), ukwesulwa kokubhaliswa kwentela uma kufanele, umshwalense wezenhlalakahle kanye nokukhokhwa kwesikhwama sezindlu, ukuvalwa kwe-akhawunti yasebhange kanye nokwesulwa kokubhaliswa kokugcina nomlawuli wemakethe. Imigqa yesikhathi engokoqobo iqala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuya esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka, futhi imvume yentela ingadlulela lapho uma ukugcwalisa okungokomlando kungaphelele.
Iphutha elenziwa ozakwethu bakwamanye amazwe ukuthatha ukuvala ucingo njengomsebenzi wasehhovisi. Iphrojekthi esemthethweni enabaxhasi bebhodi, noma iyama.
Uhlu lokuhlola olufushane ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele endleleni
- Ingabe ubize isimo esikhona ngokwethembeka, okuhlanganisa nesikhathi sokuphatha?
- Uyazi ukuthi yimaphi amalayisensi aboshwe ebhizinisini futhi yimaphi aphathekayo?
- Ingabe uke wahlola i-JV yeminyaka emithathu yokugcina yentela njengokungathi ungumthengi?
- Ingabe i-IP yakho - izimpawu zokuhweba, isofthiwe, ukwazi - empeleni ingeyakho lapho ucabanga ukuthi ikhona?
- Uke walingisa indlela yemali eya ekhaya: idividendi, ukuncishiswa kwezimali, ukusatshalaliswa kwezimali, noma imali yokuthengisa?
- Ingabe bobabili abanikazimasheya banokuqonda okubhaliwe, okwabiwe kokuthi "okuhle" kubukeka kanjani ezinyangeni eziyi-18?
Uma okuthathu noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kungacacile, ingxoxo yokuhlela kabusha ingaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukukhuthala ku-JV yakho kuza kuqala.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Singakwazi yini ukuguqula i-JV yethu ibe yi-WFOE ngaphandle kokuthenga okusemthethweni? IMP: Hhayi njengesinyathelo esisodwa sokuphatha ngendlela umbuzo osikisela ngayo. Empeleni ufinyelela isimo esifanayo sokuphela ngokudluliswa kwezabelo (uzakwethu waseShayina uthengisela uzakwethu wangaphandle), okuthi ngemva kwalokho ibhizinisi libe ngelikamanye amazwe ngokuphelele. Ilebula liyashintsha; okwenziwayo kusewukuthenga.
Umbuzo: Kufanele sibekele isikhathi esingakanani isabelomali sokukhishwa kwentela uma sekuqedwa? A: Hlela ngamakota, hhayi amasonto. Iziphathimandla zentela ngokuvamile zizobuyekeza iminyaka embalwa yokugcwalisa, futhi noma yiziphi izintengo zenkampani ehlobene ezingaxazululiwe, i-VAT noma imibuzo yokubamba izonweba inqubo. Izincwadi ezihlanzekile zifinyeza; izincwadi ezingcolile zingayinweba ngaphezu konyaka.
Umbuzo: Uzakwethu waseShayina uyenqaba ukusayinela ukuqedwa. Yini manje? IMP: Yilapho izinhlinzeko ze-deadlock yabanikazi bamasheya kunkontileka ye-JV nama-athikili abalulekile. Uma zibuthakathaka noma zingekho, izinketho zincane ekuxoxisaneni, ukulamula, noma - njengendlela yokugcina - ukuchithwa okuyalelwe yinkantolo ngezizathu ezingokomthetho. Thola umeluleki we-PRC ukuthi abandakanyeke ngaphambi kokuthi ubudlelwano buqhubeke.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lukaSerene Jade Ummeli waseShayina lubhangqa ozakwethu bakwamanye amazwe ne-PRC evunyelwe ukuvunyelwa ngamabha kanye nabameli base-Hong Kong ngazo kanye lezi zingxoxo; amasevisi ethu omhubhe ahlanganisa ukusethwa kwe-WFOE, ukubhanga kanye nomsebenzi wokuthobela umthetho olandelayo.