Umphathi womkhiqizo e-Berlin uphusha isibuyekezo sesici. Ithimba lokukhula eLondon liqhuba umkhankaso nge-ejensi yase-Shanghai. Umhlinzeki we-SaaS e-Singapore ugcina ngokuthula imibhalo yokusekelwa kwamakhasimende ehlanganisa amagama, izinombolo zocingo nezingcezwana ze-ID zabasebenzisi e-Chengdu. Alikho kulawa maqembu ezicabanga ukuthi lisebenza eChina. Wonke, ngokwezinjongo zoMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kolwazi Lomuntu Siqu, aphrosesa wolwazi lomuntu siqu lwesiShayina — futhi wonke angaphakathi kobubanzi.
Eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuthi uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kolwazi Lomuntu Siqu uqalile ukusebenza, isithombe esilawulayo sesizinze ngokwanele kangangokuthi "silinde ukubona ukuthi sinyakaza kanjani" akusesona isimo esingavikeleka. I-Cyberspace Administration yaseChina ikhiphe izindlela zokusebenzisa, yazibuyekeza, futhi yacacisa imingcele. Amabhizinisi angaphandle manje anesibonakaliso esanele sokwakha isisekelo sokuthobela esisebenzayo. Lesi siqeshana sibeka ukuthi leso sisekelo sibukeka kanjani ekusebenzeni.
I-extraterritorial ibangela amaqembu amaningi abukela phansi
I-PIPL isebenza ekucutshungulweni ngaphakathi kwe-China, futhi - ngokujulile - ekucutshungulweni ngaphandle kwase-China okuqondiswe kubantu base-China ngenjongo yokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo noma amasevisi, noma ukuhlaziya ukuziphatha kwabo. Uhlaka lubanzi futhi luhlose. Uhlelo lokusebenza lomthengi olutholakala ngesi-Mandarin esitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza somhlaba wonke, iwebhusayithi ye-B2C ethumela emakhelini ezwekazini, ipayipi lezibalo elihlukanisa abasebenzisi ngedolobha lase-China: ngalinye liyisiqalo esibambekayo.
Umphumela osebenzayo ukuthi ububanzi akuvamile ukuthi kube uyebo ohlanzekile noma cha. Kungumbuzo wokuthi yimiphi imigqa yomkhiqizo, yimaphi amaqoqo abasebenzisi, nokuthi imaphi amasethi edatha ahlala ngaphakathi kokufinyelelwa ngumthetho. Ngakho-ke umsebenzi wokuqala wokuthobela umthetho awukona ukubhala isaziso sobumfihlo. Imephu yedatha: ukukhomba lapho ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwesiShayina lungena khona ezinhlelweni zakho, lapho lugcinwa khona, ubani oluthintayo, nokuthi luphuma kuphi. Kuze kube yilapho leyo mephu ikhona, konke ukulawula komfula kuwukuqagela.
Imvume: isisekelo esisemthethweni, hhayi ibhokisi lokuhlola
I-PIPL ivame ukuchazwa njengombuso oholwa yimvume, futhi ezindlini zebhodi zakwamanye amazwe lokhu kuhunyushwa ngokuthi "engeza ibhokisi lokumaka". Lokho kwehlisa isibopho. I-PIPL ibona izisekelo ezimbalwa ezisemthethweni - isidingo senkontileka, umsebenzi osemthethweni, ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi, izintshisekelo zomphakathi, nokunye - kodwa imvume isalokhu iwumsebenzi onzima, futhi umthetho ubeka izinga eliphezulu lalokho okubalulekile.
Imvume ngaphansi kwe-PIPL kufanele yaziswe, ngokuzithandela, futhi ibe sobala. Lapho ukucubungula kuhilela ulwazi lomuntu siqu olubucayi (ama-akhawunti ezezimali, ezempilo, idatha ye-biometric, ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14, ukulandelela indawo, nezigaba ezifanayo) noma ukudluliswa kwemingcele, imvume ehlukile iyadingeka. "Ukuhlukaniswa" kusho lokho kanye: isenzo esihlukile, esiqondile sesivumelwano, hhayi isigaba esigqitshwe ngaphakathi kokwamukelwa kwemigomo evamile.
Imvume yokwakha esebenzayo yamabhizinisi angaphandle ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:
- Isaziso esinezingqimba esisho, ngesiShayina esivamile, ubunikazi bephrosesa, izigaba zolwazi lomuntu siqu, izinjongo, isikhathi sokugcinwa, namalungelo omsebenzisi.
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-Granular kwezigaba zokucubungula ezibucayi kanye nokumaketha, okuhlukaniswe nemvume yesevisi ewumongo.
- Ukugeleza kwemvume ehlukile yokuwela umngcele eqamba umamukeli waphesheya kwezilwandle, indawo ethile, kanye nenjongo yokudluliselwa.
- Indlela yokuhoxa elula ukuyisebenzisa njengokugeleza kwemvume yasekuqaleni, engenawo amaphethini amnyama.
- Irekhodi lokucwaningwa kwamabhuku elirekhoda, ngomsebenzisi ngamunye, lokho okuvunyelwe, nini, futhi ngokumelene nenguqulo yesaziso.
Iphuzu lokugcina libaluleke ngaphezu kwalokho amaqembu akulindele. Abalawuli nabalingani baya ngokuya bebuza ubufakazi, hhayi ukugomela.
Ukudluliswa kwemingcele: imizila emithathu, isinqumo esisodwa
Ukuhambisa imininingwane yomuntu yamaShayina phesheya kolwandle indawo lapho amabhizinisi angaphandle evamise ukuthola ukuthi izakhiwo zawo ezikhona azihambisani. I-PIPL inikeza izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko, ezicwengisiswe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo ze-CAC:- Ukuhlolwa kokuvikeleka kwe-CAC. Kuyisibopho kubaqhubi bengqalasizinda yolwazi olubalulekile, kumaphrosesa aphatha ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphezu komkhawulo wevolumu ebekiwe, kanye nokudluliswa "kolwazi olubalulekile". Lesi isibuyekezo esiholwa uhulumeni, hhayi ukuziqinisekisa.
- Izigatshana Zenkontileka Ezijwayelekile (Ama-SCC ase-China). Inkontileka yesifanekiso phakathi komthumeli wempahla wase-China nomamukeli waphesheya kwezilwandle, efakwe ku-CAC yesifundazwe kanye nokuhlola umthelela wokuvikelwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu. Ifanele ukudluliswa kwevolumu emaphakathi ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yokuhlola.
- Isitifiketi sokuvikelwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu. Sikhishwe izinhlangano ezigunyazwe yi-CAC. Empeleni lo mzila uwusizo kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwamaqembu ngaphakathi kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuphumula kwango-2024 kwethule ukukhululwa kokudluliswa kwevolumu ephansi okuthile, ukudluliselwa okudingekayo ukuze wenze inkontileka nomuntu ngamunye (i-e-commerce ewela umngcele, ukubhuka kohambo, izicelo zama-visa), kanye nokudluliswa kwe-HR okudingekayo ekuphathweni kokuqashwa kwemingcele. Lokhu kukhululwa kungokoqobo kodwa kuncane. Bavula ukubalwa kwevolumu, kuhlobo lwesidingo senkontileka, kanye nokuthi ulwazi lomuntu siqu olubucayi luyabandakanyeka yini. Ukuphatha ukukhululwa njengokuma okuphakade ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuyiphutha elivamile.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimuphi umzila osebenzayo, konke ukudluliswa kwemingcele kudinga ukuhlolwa komthelela wokuvikelwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu - okubhalwe phansi, kugcinwe okungenani iminyaka emithathu, futhi kubuyekezwe lapho ukucubungula kushintsha kakhulu.
Isisekelo sokuthobela esingokoqobo
Ebhizinisini langaphandle losayizi omaphakathi eliphatha idatha yomsebenzisi wase-China, isisekelo esivikelekayo sibukeka cishe kanjena:
- Imephu yedatha ehlanganisa lonke ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwamaShayina luyageleza, luvuselelwa okungenani minyaka yonke.
- Isaziso sobumfihlo solimi lwesiShayina kanye nemvume yezakhiwo ehlukanisa imvume evamile, ebucayi, newela umngcele.
- Ummeleli oqokiwe noma ibhizinisi ngaphakathi kwe-China, lapho kudingeka khona, nemininingwane yokuxhumana eshicilelwe.
- Indlela ekhethiwe yokudlulisa imingcele - ukuhlola, ama-SCC, noma ukuqinisekiswa - okunokuhlolwa komthelela oyisisekelo efayelini.
- Ukukhuthala komthengisi okumboza noma iyiphi iphrosesa eqhubekela phambili ethinta idatha, okuhlanganisa abahlinzeki befu nezibalo.
- Inqubo yokuphendula ngesigameko ehlangabezana nokulindelwe kwesaziso se-PIPL kubo bobabili abalawuli nakubantu abathintekile.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwangaphakathi komkhiqizo, ubunjiniyela namathimba okumaketha kulokho okucupha ukuhlolwa komthelela okusha.
Akukho kulokhu okungajwayelekile. Ngobubanzi, isiyalo esifanayo uhlelo oluvuthiwe lwe-GDPR oseluvele lusebenza, olunokumbondelana okukhethekile kwesiShayina kubumbudumbudu bemvume, ukufakwa kwemibhalo emngceleni, nolimi.
Lapho amaqembu angaphandle ngokuvamile enza iphutha
Amaphethini amathathu ayaphinda. Okokuqala, ukuphatha i-PIPL njengomsebenzi wokuhumusha kusaziso se-GDPR - le mithetho emibili iyahambisana kodwa iyahlukana ngemvume, kumakhenikha awela umngcele, kanye nendima yezwe. Okwesibili, sicabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi idatha isingathwa ngaphandle kwe-China, i-PIPL ayisebenzi; extraterritoriality kuwumthetho, hhayi okuhlukile. Okwesithathu, ukushiya ukufakwa kwefayela eliwela umngcele kuze kube yilapho umlawuli noma inkampani yezentengiselwano yaseShayina ikucela, ngaleso sikhathi umugqa wesikhathi ungasekho owulawulayo.
Umzila wokuhlola ukuphepha we-CAC ikakhulukazi akuyona inqubo eklomelisa ukulungiselela umzuzu wokugcina. Ukufakwa kwe-SCC kuyashesha kodwa kusadinga ukuhlolwa komthelela okufakazelwa kahle ngemuva kwakho.
Ukuthobela ubumfihlo bedatha yase-China, ekugcineni, kuwumbuzo wokuvuthwa kokusebenza kunobuhlakani bezomthetho. Imithetho iyaziwa. Izindleko zokungazinaki - isenzo sokuphoqelela, ukudluliselwa okuvinjiwe, izivumelwano zezentengiselwano ezilahlekile nabalingani baseShayina manje ababuza imibuzo ngokwabo - ziya ngokuya zikhonkolo.
Emaqenjini angaphandle adinga iseluleko esifanelekayo se-PRC mayelana nesakhiwo esithile sokudlulisa, ukugeleza kwemvume, noma ukugcwalisa, isevisi kaSerene Jade Ummeli waseShayina ikubhangqa nomeluleki wezwekazi owamukelwe ibha kanye nowase-Hong Kong.
FAQ
Ingabe sidinga ibhizinisi laseShayina ukuze nje sifake ama-SCC? Akunjalo. Umthumeli wase-China ongaphansi kwama-SCC yinoma ubani ophethe ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphakathi kwase-China - okungenzeka kube inkampani ephethwe ngakini, uzakwethu webhizinisi elihlanganyelwe, noma inkundla yamaShayina osebenza ngayo. Uma ungenabo nhlobo, umbuzo uba ukuthi kufanele yini uqoke ummeleli oqokiwe ngaphansi kwe-Athikili ye-PIPL 53.Ingabe ukuthumela idatha e-Hong Kong kubalwa njengokudluliswa kwemingcele? Yebo. Ngezinjongo ze-PIPL i-Hong Kong ithathwa njengangaphandle kwezwekazi lase-China, ngakho ukudluliselwa lapho kudinga indlela eyodwa kwezintathu noma ukukhululwa okuvumelekile, endaweni efanayo nokudlulela e-London noma e-Frankfurt.
Singakwazi yini ukuthembela ekukhululweni esidingweni senkontileka ngedatha yethu yekhasimende le-SaaS? Kuphela lapho ukudluliselwa kudingekile ngempela ukwenza inkontileka umuntu angena kuyo - isibonelo, ukugcwalisa umyalo awufakile. Ukudluliswa kwe-B2B SaaS kwedatha yomsebenzisi wokugcina, izibalo, kanye namacala amaningi okusetshenziswa kokumaketha kuphuma ngaphandle kwayo futhi kudinga ama-SCC, isitifiketi, noma ukuhlolwa.