Iningi lama-joint ventures ase-China awehluleki kakhulu. Bayakhukhuleka. Imihlangano yebhodi iba yimikhosi, ukubika kukazakwethu wasendaweni kuyafiphala, uhlangothi lwangaphandle luyayeka ukuthumela abantu abadala endizeni. Ngesikhathi othile osehhovisi elikhulu ebuza umbuzo ongemuhle — "ngempela senzani lapha?" - I-JV ngokuvamile ibilokhu ingenzi kahle buthule iminyaka emibili noma emithathu, futhi isikhathi esihlanzekile sokuthatha isinyathelo sesidlulile.
Lolu cezu olwabalingani bakwamanye amazwe abakuleso simo: i-JV ayiyona inhlekelele, kodwa nayo ayisebenzi. Unezinketho ezintathu ezibucayi - thenga umlingani wakho, uphakamise imoto, noma uyiguqule ibe ibhizinisi langaphandle ngokuphelele (i-WFOE). Ngayinye ifinyeleleka ngokobuchwepheshe. Inketho efanele ngokuvamile incike ekunikezweni kwelayisensi, ukuvuza kwentela, kanye nokuthi ibhizinisi eliyisisekelo liyamdinga ngempela yini umnikazi wamasheya waseShayina.
Uma ukuhlela kabusha kuba yimpendulo eqotho
Ngaphambi kokunquma indlela yokuhlela kabusha, kufanelekile ukucaciseleka ngokuthi kungani. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-China JV kuyabiza, kuyanensa, futhi kubucayi ngokwepolitiki nozakwethu wasendaweni. Kuyafaneleka kuphela lapho okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo kuyiqiniso:
- Isizathu sokuqala sokuhweba siphelelwe yisikhathi - isibonelo, umkhakha uphume ohlwini olubi, ngakho ubunikazi bangaphandle abusafakwa ngokusemthethweni uzakwethu waseShayina.
- Ukubusa kwephukile: ibhodi elivaliwe, izimali ezingathembekile, noma uzakwethu ophatha imali ye-JV njengemali yokusebenza kwamanye amabhizinisi abo.
- Uhlangothi lwangaphandle manje lufuna ukuhlanganisa i-IP, idatha, noma imali engenayo ngendlela isivumelwano se-JV esingavumeli ngayo.
- Uzakwethu wendawo ufuna ukuphuma, noma ufuna intengo yokuhlala engasawenzi umqondo.
- Ibhizinisi livele lakhula ladlula ukwakheka kwe-JV futhi lidinga ithebula le-cap elihlanzekile ukuze likhuphule, lidayise, noma lihlise umoya.
Uma kungekho kulokhu okusebenzayo, umnyakazo ongcono uwukulungisa ukubusa ngaphakathi kwemoto ekhona. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwenkampani ye-PRC akuthathi indawo yengxoxo enzima nozakwenu.
Inketho yokuqala: ukuthengwa kwebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe
Ukuthenga uzakwethu waseShayina kuyindlela evamile lapho ibhizinisi eliyisisekelo lisafaneleka ukuba libe ngumnikazi walo. Ngokwemishini, kuwukudluliswa kokulingana okuvela kumnikazi wamasheya waseShayina kuya kumnikazi wamasheya wangaphandle (noma emotweni entsha yangaphandle), okulandelwa izichibiyelo ezindabeni ze-JV kanye nokubhaliswa kabusha Nokuphathwa Kwezwe Kwezokulawulwa Kwemakethe.
Imibimbi ayivamisile ukuba semthethweni. Ezohwebo nezezimali:
- Ukulinganisa kanye nesisekelo sentela. Ukudluliswa kwenani isiphathimandla sentela esikubheka ngaphansi kwevelu efanelekile kuzolungiswa. Ukudluliswa kwe-equity ngumthengisi oyisakhamuzi se-PRC ngokuvamile kungaphansi kokubanjwa kwe-PRC noma intela yemali engenayo yomuntu ngamunye enzuzweni, futhi umthengi uvame ukuba yi-ejenti ebambayo. Yakha lokhu ngentengo, hhayi eduze kwayo.
- Ukushintshaniswa kwamazwe angaphandle. Inkokhelo ephumayo yenani lokuthenga idinga ukuthunyelwa kwemali okuhambisana ne-SAFE ngebhange le-JV, kanye nemvume yentela esekelayo. Hlela amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili ngomlenze wemali wodwa.
- Amalayisense angahambi. Amanye amalayisense okusebenza, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezindaba, ezokuxhumana, ezemfundo kanye neyokunakekelwa kwezempilo, anemibandela yokuba namasheya kwaseShayina. Ukuthenga kungacisha ilayisense ngokobuchwepheshe lapho kushintsha ithebula le-cap. Hlola umbhalo welayisensi ngaphambi kokusayina i-SPA, hhayi ngemva kwalokho.
- Ukuqhubeka kwabasebenzi kanye nekhasimende. Isivumelwano sokulingana esimsulwa silondoloza izinkontileka nokubalwa, ngokuvamile okuyiphuzu. Kepha amakhasimende abalulekile anezigaba zokushintsha kokulawula - okujwayelekile kubathengi bakahulumeni - kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhanjwe ngakho.
Ukuthenga kuguqula i-JV ibe i-WFOE, kodwa igcina inkampane esemthethweni efanayo, umlando ofanayo wentela, nobudlelwano obufanayo basebhange. Lokho kuqhubeka kuyimpikiswano eyodwa enkulu yalo mzila.
Inketho yesibili: Ukuguqulwa kwe-WFOE ngemoto entsha
Lapho umlando we-JV ungcoliswe khona - ukuchayeka kwentela okungaxazululiwe, ukuthengiselana okungcolile okuhlobene neqembu, izinkampani ezingaphansi ezilele akekho ongachaza ngokugcwele - indlela ehlanzekile iwukumisa i-WFOE entsha futhi uthuthele ibhizinisi kuyo. Lokhu ukuguqulwa kwe-WFOE ngomqondo osebenzayo, hhayi ongokomthetho.
Ukulandelana okujwayelekile:1. Faka i-WFOE edolobheni elifanele, nesikophu esifana nokuthi ibhizinisi liya kuphi ngempela. 2. Dlulisela izimpahla zokusebenza - izinkontileka, i-inventory, amalayisense e-IP, izisebenzi ezibalulekile - ngaphesheya kwengalo, nge-VAT efanele kanye nokuphathwa kwesitembu emlenzeni ngamunye. 3. Qalisa womabili amabhizinisi ngokuhambisana ukuze uthole iwindi loshintsho elichaziwe. 4. Yehlisa i-JV endala uma imali engenayo isithuthile futhi isiphathimandla sentela sesisayinile ekusulweni kokubhaliswa.
Lokhu kuhamba kancane futhi kubiza kakhulu kunokuthenga, futhi kubangela imicimbi ekhokhiswa intela ethe xaxa (ukudluliswa kwempahla, intela yokwazisa komhlaba engaba khona uma kuhileleke indawo ethengiswayo, i-VAT ku-inventory). Kodwa ikunikeza ibhizinisi elihlanzekile, ifayela lelayisense elihlanzekile, futhi - ngokujulile - umlando wentela ohlanzekile ozowuthola. Kumaqembu ahlela ukuthengisa noma ukufakwa kuhlu kwesikhathi esizayo, kubalulekile.
Inketho yesithathu: ukusonga i-JV phezulu
Kwesinye isikhathi impendulo efanele iwukuthi alikho ibhizinisi okufanele ligcinwe. Ukuqedwa ngokusemthethweni kuhamba kancane kulezi zintathu ongakhetha kuzo - ngokweqiniso izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweziyishumi nesishiyagalombili kusukela ekuxazululweni kwebhodi kuya kwisitifiketi sokuhoxiswa - ngoba zonke izikhungo zentela, ihhovisi lentela kanye neziphathimandla zomshuwalense wezenhlalakahle i-JV ethintile kufanele ikusule.
Izinto ozakwethu bakwamanye amazwe abajwayele ukuzibukela phansi:
- Ukuyekwa. Ukuyekwa ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi komthetho we-PRC wezabasebenzi akuxoxiswana ngakho futhi kufakwe ngaphambili ohlelweni lwemali.
- Ukuhlolwa kwentela lapho uphuma. Ukwesula ukubhalisa kubangela ukubuyekezwa kokugcina kwentela okuhlanganisa iminyaka evuliwe. Izinhlinzeko zokulungiswa kwentengo yokudlulisa zivamile.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwemali eyinsalela. Imali enqwabelene esabalaliswa ngemva kwentela ingakhishwa, kodwa kuphela ngemva kokuvunyelwa kwentela. Imali ebanjwe ebhizinisini elisulwe ukubhaliswa ibambeke ngempela.
- Ukuchayeka komqondisi kanye nommeleli wezomthetho. Ummeleli wezomthetho uhlala echwebeni kuze kuqedwe ukusula ukubhaliswa. Uma lowo muntu engowelinye izwe osevele ehambile eChina, mshintshe kusenesikhathi.
Ukuphetha okuphethwe kusengcono kakhulu kunokushiywa. Ukuhamba kude nebhizinisi le-PRC akulenzi linyamalale; kwenza kube inkinga eqhamuka ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho noma ubani eqenjini efaka isicelo se-visa, ilayisensi, noma ithenda.
Ukukhetha phakathi kokuthathu
Uhlaka lwesinqumo olunzima:
- Ukuthenga uma ibhizinisi liphilile, amalayisense ayasinda ekushintsheni kokuba namasheya, futhi uzakwethu ungumdayisi ozimisele ngenombolo ephusile.
- I-WFOE entsha kanye ne-wind-down uma umlando we-JV uyinkinga, noma uma ufuna ububanzi belayisensi entsha.
- Ukuqedwa uma ibhizinisi lingenalo ikusasa elizimele futhi izindleko zokugcina ibhizinisi liphila zeqa izindleko zokulivala ngendlela efanele.
Isinqumo akuvamile ukuba sibe semthethweni. Umbuzo wentela, welayisensi kanye nesikhathi ogqokiswe njengowebhizinisi, yingakho iphutha elishibhe kakhulu liletha abeluleki be-PRC nabeluleki bentela ngaphambi kokubhala ishidi lethemu, hhayi ngemva kwalokho.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lukaSerene Jade Ummeli waseShayina lubhangqa ozakwethu bakwamanye amazwe ne-PRC eyamukelwe ngebha kanye nabameli base-Hong Kong balolu hlobo lomsebenzi wokuhlela kabusha; ithimba lethu lebhizinisi liphethe intela yemingcele, amabhange kanye nezinsimbi zokususa ukubhaliswa eceleni.
FAQ
Singakwazi yini ukuguqula i-JV ibe i-WFOE ngaphandle kokumisa ibhizinisi elisha? Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, yebo - ukuthenga okuphelele komnikazi wamasheya waseShayina kushiya umnikazi wangaphandle oyedwa futhi ibhizinisi liba yi-WFOE, ligcina umlando walo wentela namalayisensi. Ukuhwebelana ukuthi futhi uzuza njengefa noma yiziphi izikweletu zefa i-JV ethwalayo.
Ingabe ukuthenga uzakwethu wasendaweni kuzovula intela yamaShayina kithina njengabathengi? Inzuzo ekhokhiswa intela ihlala nomthengisi, kodwa umthengi wangaphandle uvamise ukuba yi-ejenti ebambayo esemthethweni yentela ye-PRC kuleyo nzuzo futhi kufanele ayikhiphe ngaphambi kokuba ukudluliselwa kokulingana kubhaliswe. Ukuthola ukubambezeleka okungalungile kwe-SAMR ukubhaliswa kabusha kanye nokuvunyelwa kwe-SAFE ngentengo yokuthenga.
Kufanele kube isikhathi esingakanani ibhajethi yokuphetha ngokugcwele uma i-JV idala ukulahlekelwa kodwa ihlanzekile? Hlela isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyishumi nambili kuya kweziyishumi nesishiyagalombili kusukela ekuxazululweni kwebhodi kuya kusitifiketi sokuhoxiswa kokubhaliswa, okuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ukugunyazwa kwentela kanye nezikhathi zokusulwa kokubhaliswa komshwalense womphakathi. Ibhizinisi elilahlekelwayo alisheshi ukuvala ngempela - ngezinye izikhathi ukungabikho kwemali ehlukanisekayo kwenza uxhaso lokuyeka umsebenzi lube yisibopho esibophezelayo.
Isevisi ye-Enterprise Landing ka-Serene Jade isekela abanikazi bamasheya bakwamanye amazwe ngokuthenga, ukuguqulwa kwe-WFOE kanye neziyalezo ezilawulwayo, okuhlanganisa nezinyathelo zentela, zamabhange kanye nezamalayisensi ezihlala phakathi kwamadokhumenti omthetho nesitifiketi sokusula ukubhaliswa.